At the 9-month and 12–18-month follow-ups, parental presence generally
accounted for more variance in sleep outcomes compared to breastfeeding. At the
9-month follow-up, parental presence accounted for 25% of the variance in
longest continuous sleep period, 31% of total sleep time at night, 14% of sleep
onset latency and 12% of waking in own bed. Of these outcomes, breastfeeding
contributed significantly only to decreased likelihood of waking in own bed (