B. pilosa is an easy-to-grow herb that is widely distributed all over the world. It is considered to be a rich source of food and medicine for humans and animals [3, 4]. There is increasing global interest in the use of B. pilosa as shown by the many studies conducted on the plant in recent years. The folkloric use of B. pilosa has been recorded in America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania [5]. To explore the potential clinical application of B. pilosa, it is important to link its traditional use with rigorous evidence-based scientific study. The present review focuses on recent studies on the botany, traditional usage, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of B. pilosa. The information provided here highlights the possible usefulness of B. pilosa and its isolated compounds and offers insights into possible future research directions. Studies of B. pilosa are divided into three groups: (1) the botany, ethnomedical uses, plant chemistry, pharmacology, and biosafety of B. pilosa; (2) scientific studies that validate the ethnomedical uses of B. pilosa; and (3) the therapeutic and future research potential of B. pilosa.