2. Experimental Program
2.1. Materials and Mix Proportions of Concrete
This study employed ordinary Portland cement with a density of 3 . 1 4 g/cm3. Tables 1 and 2 provide the details of the cement and aggregate used. Proportions of the six concrete and mortar mixtures tested in this study are given in Table 3. The proportions of the concrete were designed by referring to mixture proportions used in a ready mixed concrete plant in Japan. Mortars were obtained by sieving plastic concrete mixtures as discussed above. This was done to duplicate the mechanical properties (i.e., tensile modulus) of the mortar portion of the concretes as closely as possible. These results are needed to develop the composite model as discussed in Section 3. In all mixtures, proper dosages of air entraining and water reducing admixtures were used to ensure consistency and workability of the concrete (Table3).