4. Mechanism and applications for coiled polymer muscles. Hydrothermal
actuation of a coiled 860-mm-diameter nylon 6 fishing line lifting a
500-g load by 12% when switched at 0.2 Hz between (A) ~25°C water (dyed blue)
and (B) 95°C water (dyed red). (C) Calculated temperature dependence of tensile
actuation (dashed lines) compared to experimental results (using an applied stress
of 2.2 MPa, solid symbols, and 3.1 MPa, open symbols, respectively) for twisted
450-mm-diameter, nylon 6 monofilament fibers that are mandrel-wrapped to the
indicated initial coil bias angles (1). Contracting and expanding coils were
homochiral and heterochiral, respectively. From Eq. 3, fiber untwist during
heating was calculated for the coiled fiber with a 17° bias angle to provide the
4. Mechanism and applications for coiled polymer muscles. Hydrothermalactuation of a coiled 860-mm-diameter nylon 6 fishing line lifting a500-g load by 12% when switched at 0.2 Hz between (A) ~25°C water (dyed blue)and (B) 95°C water (dyed red). (C) Calculated temperature dependence of tensileactuation (dashed lines) compared to experimental results (using an applied stressof 2.2 MPa, solid symbols, and 3.1 MPa, open symbols, respectively) for twisted450-mm-diameter, nylon 6 monofilament fibers that are mandrel-wrapped to theindicated initial coil bias angles (1). Contracting and expanding coils werehomochiral and heterochiral, respectively. From Eq. 3, fiber untwist duringheating was calculated for the coiled fiber with a 17° bias angle to provide the
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