Performance Evaluation Prior to 1992, each division had been treated as a profit center, with annual division profit budgets negotiated between the president and the respective division managers At the urging of Henry Hubbard, Enager's president, Carl Randall, had decided to begin the each division as an investment center, so as to be able to relate each division's profit to assets the division used to generate its profits. on assets, which was Starting in 1992, each division was measured as based on its return for a division was defined to be the division's net income divided by its total assets. Net income the division's calculated by taking the division's "direct income before taxes," then subtracting share of corporate administrative expenses (allocated on the basis of divisional revenues) and its share of income tax expense (the tax rate applied to the division's "direct income before taxes" after subtraction of the allocated corporate administrative expenses). Although Hubbard realized there were other ways to define a division's income, he and the president preferred this method since "it made the sum of the (divisional) parts equal to the (corporate) whole