assessments of the longterm
possibilities and limits of cooperation and
solidarity.
One sort of compromise is illustrated by
Tocqueville’s (2002, p. 192) observation of
Americans’ doctrine of “self-interest rightly understood,”
in which “an enlightened regard for
themselves constantly prompts them to assist
one another.” In this view, the universality of
interest-oriented action is given, but it can generate
cooperative social processes and institutions.
Compromising from the other direction,
scholars posit that “action is determined by ultimate
ends . . . that laid down norms determining
[social] relations” (Parsons 1935, p. 295),
but they also recognize that there is “no reason
why . . . elements of self-interest should not
be involved also” (Parsons 1940, p. 193). Although
this perspective denies the universality
of interest-oriented action, it still acknowledges
it as one among numerous orientations potentially
generated by institutions.
These contrasting positions and their related
compromises underpin explicit investigation
of interest-oriented action in rational
choice theory and exchange theory, on the one
hand, and implicit assumptions about interestoriented
action in cultural sociology, on the
other.
assessments of the longtermpossibilities and limits of cooperation andsolidarity.One sort of compromise is illustrated byTocqueville’s (2002, p. 192) observation ofAmericans’ doctrine of “self-interest rightly understood,”in which “an enlightened regard forthemselves constantly prompts them to assistone another.” In this view, the universality ofinterest-oriented action is given, but it can generatecooperative social processes and institutions.Compromising from the other direction,scholars posit that “action is determined by ultimateends . . . that laid down norms determining[social] relations” (Parsons 1935, p. 295),but they also recognize that there is “no reasonwhy . . . elements of self-interest should notbe involved also” (Parsons 1940, p. 193). Althoughthis perspective denies the universalityof interest-oriented action, it still acknowledgesit as one among numerous orientations potentiallygenerated by institutions.These contrasting positions and their relatedcompromises underpin explicit investigationof interest-oriented action in rationalchoice theory and exchange theory, on the onehand, and implicit assumptions about interestorientedaction in cultural sociology, on theother.
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