Institutionalized discrimination? Or an unintended consequence of industrial development? The debate continues. It is clear that even though the domination and exploitation of disadvantaged groups may not be a stated aim of the modern corporation, it is definitely a side effect. Despite many major advances in employment equity legislation, the implicit or explicit exploitation of employees persists. Modern organizations continue to play an important part in creating and sustaining a relatively underprivileged working class that is now more appropriately described as an “underclass” because many of the working class are no longer working and have poor prospects of ever doing so. In creating and reinforcing the market system for labor, modern organizations continue to favor and reinforce a power structure that encourages people with certain attributes while disadvantaging others. The process reproduces patterns of favor and privilege that symbolize and reinforce underlying socioeconomic divisions. From this perspective, modern corporations play a crucial role in producing and sustaining the ills and inequities of modern society.