It is to some empirical examples of higher levd partial participation
within British industry that I shall now tum. There are three interesting.
and fairly well documented examples which are often referred to as
examples of industrial democracy. The question of the psychological
impact of participation will now be set aside. and instead attention will be
foCused on another problem in the theory of participatory democracy:
how these forms of organisation work in practice and the extent to which
workers are interested in, and take up, the opportunities for participation
offered. Our first example is that of the Glacier Metal Company which
employs about s,ooo people.l The organisational form that participation
takes at Glacier is an extension of the nonnal collective bargaining and
joint consultation machinery of British industry. Partial participation has
been institutionalised by formalising and extending, through representative bodies, these usual procedures, while leaving the orthodox, hierarchical management structure intact.2 Employee participation is based on the
'dear distinction between managerial authority to make decisions and give
instructions, and employee participation in formulating the policy frame..
work within which managers are sanctioned and freed to make those
decisions' Oaques, 1968, p. 1). Under the written constitution of the Company, participation takes place through a system-the 'legislative' system
-of elected Works Councils in each of the Company's units. Their com
It is to some empirical examples of higher levd partial participation
within British industry that I shall now tum. There are three interesting.
and fairly well documented examples which are often referred to as
examples of industrial democracy. The question of the psychological
impact of participation will now be set aside. and instead attention will be
foCused on another problem in the theory of participatory democracy:
how these forms of organisation work in practice and the extent to which
workers are interested in, and take up, the opportunities for participation
offered. Our first example is that of the Glacier Metal Company which
employs about s,ooo people.l The organisational form that participation
takes at Glacier is an extension of the nonnal collective bargaining and
joint consultation machinery of British industry. Partial participation has
been institutionalised by formalising and extending, through representative bodies, these usual procedures, while leaving the orthodox, hierarchical management structure intact.2 Employee participation is based on the
'dear distinction between managerial authority to make decisions and give
instructions, and employee participation in formulating the policy frame..
work within which managers are sanctioned and freed to make those
decisions' Oaques, 1968, p. 1). Under the written constitution of the Company, participation takes place through a system-the 'legislative' system
-of elected Works Councils in each of the Company's units. Their com
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