It is widely agreed that engagement arises from both personal and environmental
sources (Macey & Schneider, 2008). However, theoretical discussions and empirical
investigations have so far emphasized one of those, mainly examining engagement as a
response to characteristics of the job. Thus Schaufeli and Bakker (2004), Shirom (2010) and
others (not denying the role of within-person factors) have investigated key job features such
as autonomy, demands, conflicts and good relations with other people, and Rich, Lepine, and
Crawford (2010) developed and tested a model incorporating organizational support.