Staphylococcus aureus exit-site infection and
peritonitis rates fluctuated without significant trends during
the first decade (without prophylaxis), then began to
decline during the 1990s subsequent to implementation
of prophylaxis, reaching levels of 0.02/year at risk and zero
in the year 2000. Gram-negative infections fell toward the
end of the 1980s, due probably to the implementation of
better connectology. However, there have been no significant
changes for the past 6 years. There was little change
in P. aeruginosa infections over the entire time period.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is now the most common cause
of catheter infection and catheter-related peritonitis.