Herbal diet (Sivaram et al, 2004), in Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baeri,,With glucan (Kolman et al, 1998) and, epin (Kolman 2001).Respectively but differs with the finding in hybrid striped seabass.Morone chrysops × M. Sexatilis upon vitamin C and E treatment (Sealey.And Gatlin 2002), where unchanged level of total Ig were reported. In.The present study the lysozyme activity significantly increased from.Weeks 1 to 4 with all L. Indica supplemented diets but not with 0.1%.Dose diet on first week. Similar results have been reported in Chinese.Sucker treated with TCM extracts could enhance the lysozyme activity.(Zhang et al, 2009), and in Jian carp (Jian, and Wu 2004). Oreochromis.Niloticus fed with Astragalus Radix root also yielded the same effect.(Yin et al, 2006). Administration of the Vitamin C also has increased.The lysozyme activity in, Atlantic salmon Salmo Salar (Lygren et, al.1999) and in, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Verlhac et, al.1996). Lysozyme activity functions as a primary defence factor of.Humoral immunity in preference to cellular defence mechanisms and.Its ability to disrupt the cell walls of certain pathogen makes lysozyme.A natural antagonist to harmful invaders like parasite bacteria and,,,Virus. The lysozyme activity was found to increase in fish blood in.Response to, infections (Maita 2007). The increase of lysozyme activity.In the present study revealed an increased response by the nonspecific.Defence system of the when fish were fed with L. Indica.Supplemented diet.The challenge test with S. Iniae decreased the cumulative mortality.With 45% and 40% when fed with 1.0% and 2.0% supplementation diet;It was as high as 55% in 0.1% dose when compared to the control.(85%). The decrease in mortality rate with dietary L. Indica after.Injection of S. Iniae is in agreement with previous study conducted in.O. Mossambicus fed with diet containing O. Sanctum (Logambal et, al.2000), L. Rohita fed with the diet containing Achyranthes aspera (Rao et.Al, 2006), O. Mossambicus treated with Eclipta Alba leaf extract.(Christybapita et al, 2007) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. In.A. Hydrophila infected rainbow trout a similar result was reported.When fed with A. Sativum L. Perennis,,, M. Indica and U. Dioica (Awad.And, Austin 2010; Nya, and Austin 2009). The increased level of total Ig.As observed in the present study might be due to the secretion of.Humoral immune responsive proteins via cellular immune response.As reported in BALB / c mice administered with standardized root.Extract of W. Somnifera which elicited humoral and cell mediated.Immune responses by up regulation of Th1-dominant polarization.(Malik et al, 2007). Similarly the decreased mortality rate on.Administration of L. Indica is comparable to the immunomodulatory.Activity of W. Somnifera (Davis, and Kuttan 2000; Ziauddin et al, 1996).As evident from increased NBT level phagocytic activity and lysozyme,,,Activity. Thus from the, present study it can be deduced that feed.Containing 1.0% and 2.0% of L. Indica extract can influence the.Immunological parameters in kelp grouper. The plant s constituents. 'May directly initiate activation of the innate defence mechanisms.Acting on receptors and triggering intracellular gene activation that.May result in the production of antimicrobial molecules (Bricknell and.Dalmo, the 2005). The stimulation of specific and non-specific immune.Defence observed in the present study might be due to the presence of.One or more than one components present in L. Indica. The present.Results has confirmed the maximum response with 1.0% and 2.0%.Enriched diet against S. Iniae which might suffice to activate the.Receptors and the corresponding genes responsible for the secretion of.Immune defence factors. The present study opens up new vistas of.Research to assess the most effective dose under, field conditionsExperimentation with purified extract of L. Indica degree and,,,Duration of the resistance offered administrative regime, for different.Age group of fish and time of application to ensure improved harvest.In culture ponds.Acknowledgements.RH is grateful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.(CSIR), India for the award of Research Associateship which made this.Work possible and for the financial assistance through KOSEF.Postdoctoral Fellowship and BK 21 program of the Ministry of.Education South, Korea. CB is beholden to the University Grants.Commission for the award of emeritus fellowship. The authors thank.Ms. Jayalakshmi Harikrishnan Department of Tourism Management,,Jeju University National, Korea South, help for in the statistical.Analysis.References.,, Amend D. 1981. Potency testing of fish vaccines. Dev. Biol. Stand. 49 447 -, 454.,,, Anderson D.P. Siwicki A.K, 1995. Basic hematology and serology for fish health.Programmes. In: Shariff M. Arthur,,,,, J.R. Subasinghe R.P. (Eds.), Disease in Asian.Aquaculture. Fish, Health Section Asian Fisheries Society Manila Philippines,,,
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..