Tsunami can be hydrodynamically considered as shallowwater
(or long) waves, whose phase velocity is given as a
square root of product of water depth and the gravitational
acceleration. Because the ocean depth, or bathymetry,
is globally surveyed and mapped, the tsunami propagation
can be simulated using the actual bathymetry data.
A popular method of tsunami numerical simulation is a
finite-difference computation of equation of motion for
shallow-water waves (momentum conservation) and the
equation of continuity (mass conservation). For deep
ocean, a typical grid size is a few to several kilometers.
Near the coasts with shallow depths, non-linear effects
and bottom friction need to be included. In addition,
effects of local topography and bathymetry, such as reflection
or refraction, also play important role, hence the
smaller grid, typically with several tens of meter interval,
is adopted. For computation of tsunami inundation on
land, topographic data are also used with moving boundary
conditions.
Tsunami can be hydrodynamically considered as shallowwater(or long) waves, whose phase velocity is given as asquare root of product of water depth and the gravitationalacceleration. Because the ocean depth, or bathymetry,is globally surveyed and mapped, the tsunami propagationcan be simulated using the actual bathymetry data.A popular method of tsunami numerical simulation is afinite-difference computation of equation of motion forshallow-water waves (momentum conservation) and theequation of continuity (mass conservation). For deepocean, a typical grid size is a few to several kilometers.Near the coasts with shallow depths, non-linear effectsand bottom friction need to be included. In addition,effects of local topography and bathymetry, such as reflectionor refraction, also play important role, hence thesmaller grid, typically with several tens of meter interval,is adopted. For computation of tsunami inundation onland, topographic data are also used with moving boundaryconditions.
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