Matlab / Simulink simulations shown in figure 3 illustrates that in a three-phase machine, energy is taken from the mechanical system via the shaft at the rate of 6 pulses for each electrical revolution of the machine. The figure also shows that in a five-phase system, each electrical revolution generates 10 pulses of energy per cycle. Therefore to deliver the same energy in each revolution, the three-phase generator has to deliver larger magnitude pulses of energy leading to higher torque ripple at the shaft and with a lower mechanical frequency hence greater vibrations and fatigue stress. Such improvements in torque ripple provided by the five-phase machine are important features of renewable energy generation systems, where vibration and fatigue offer significant challenges to the industry. Figure 3 also shows that the five-phase machine has impact on the torque and power density ratio which was increased by 3% compared with their three-phase counterparts.