Thus a new conceptual framework may be derived (Figure 6: Proposed conceptual framework for SEs) that describes the
adoption process in terms of linkages between available technologies, monetary and non-monetary drivers, institutional
interventions and ensuing development outcomes. The framework incorporates the typology of institutional interventions that
mediate adoption through monetary and non-monetary incentives. Thus, available technologies are screened using
sustainability criteria developed by the project and continually refined as an iterative process that reflects the institutional
learning— held as a core characteristic of DTDP. Such a framework is especially relevant to the needs of small farmers, who
are typically marginalized with limited access to land, water, credit and markets, as well as basic needs such as health and
education services. The project’s institutional interventions are tailored specifically to enhance small farmer welfare, as
measured in its monetary, social and environmental dimensions. Most importantly, for the past 24 years, revenues generated
by DTDP’s SE business model have driven organizational growth and long-term financial sustainability; over the same
period, its institutional strategies for technology adoption and adaptation have focused on the project’s long-term social goals
which principally address health, education, opium eradication and sustainable livelihoods.