get plural aren't quite match plural subjects all those people and apples. If you because satisfied that apples really is the subject in an example like (36c), perhaps really its semantic role, note that the subject/verb agreement test proves that apples is the subject: we get Apples were grown rather than *Apples was grown (at least in Standard English). This confirms that subjects are defined by their syntactic properties, not by their semantic roles. It also shows that we must distinguish between the semantic role and the grammatical relation of an NP: remember that subjects are often agents, but not always. Turning to (36d), the verb enjoys is a third person singular form: it agrees with she (3SG) and not with apples, which is plural. So she is the subject of the verb enjoys. a The second test for subject hood in English involves CASE MARKING. Pronouns have special form in English which is restricted to the subject position. This test is appropriate for the subject of a verb auxiliary) is FINITE, such as loves (present (past tense). Well explore the verbal property of finiteness further in Chapter 3, but for now you can consider it to be equivalent to tense correct subject are in bold (examples are again from standard English (37) a. Shel her loves apples.