The inocula were incubated at 30 _C and 250 rpm for 18 h. The fermentation medium was inoculated with liquid inoculum grown in YPD medium overnight to start at a concentration of 1E06 cell/mL or with beads to start at a concentration of 1E07 cell/mL. Every 24 h, some beads were removed and the number of cells in the beads were counted. The fermentations were carried out in duplicate.