Activation from latency to completion of the replication cycle should result in lytic cell death of CD4+ T cells. Multiple mechanisms may contribute to the maintenance of proviral latency [reviewed in Williams and Greene (25)], and so, combination approaches could be required to eradicate infection (Fig. 1 and 2). Such strategies would depend on current or future antiretroviral therapy to completely inhibit all new infection events.. Antilatency agents would be given, intermittently and for a limited period of time, to purge the last sanctuaries of HIV infection (Fig. 3).