Researchers
have
been
conducting
studies
of
psychological
well-being
in
parents
of
people
with
Autism
Spectrum
Disorders
(ASD)
for
decades,
and
have
sought
to
identify
‘stressors’
associated
with
poor
outcomes.
Reports
indicate
more
negative
outcomes
in
parents
of
children
with
ASD
compared
to
parents
of
typically
developing
children
or
those
with
intellectual
disabilities
without
ASD
(Hartley,
Seltzer,
Head,
&
Abbeduto,
2012;
Montes
&
Halterman,
2007;
Sanders
&
Morgan,
1997;
Sivberg,
2002).
Negative
outcomes
are
often
related
to
chronic
stressors,
such
as
the
severity
of
child
behavior
problems
(Abbeduto
et
al.,
2004;
Hastings,
2003;
Lecavalier,
Leone,
&
Wiltz,
2006),
of
autism
symptom
severity
(Duarte,
Bordin,
Yazigi,
&
Mooney,
2005),
or
a
‘‘pile
up’’
of
stressors
(Bristol,
1987).
Researchers
often
operationalize
negative
parental
outcomes
as
the
experience
of
stress
(Davis
&
Carter,
2008;
Ekas,
Lickenbrock,
&
Whitman,
2010;
Researchers have been conducting studies of psychological well-being in parents of people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) for decades, and have sought to identify 'stressors' associated with poor outcomes. Reports indicate more negative outcomes in parents of children with ASD compared to parents of typically developing children or those with intellectual disabilities without ASD (Hartley, Seltzer, Head, & Abbeduto, 2012; Montes & Halterman, 2007; Sanders & Morgan, 1997; Sivberg, 2002). Negative outcomes are often related to chronic stressors, such as the severity of child behavior problems (Abbeduto et al., 2004; Hastings, 2003; Lecavalier, Leone, & Wiltz, 2006), of autism symptom severity (Duarte, Bordin, Yazigi, & Mooney, 2005), or a ''pile up'' of stressors (Bristol, 1987). Researchers often operationalize negative parental outcomes as the experience of stress (Davis & Carter, 2008; Ekas, Lickenbrock, & Whitman, 2010;
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