2.5 Research questions
The present study was designed to answer the following research questions:
Research question 1. Do students’ enjoyment, boredom, value, interest and self-efficacy
expectations differ according to the type of problem (intra-mathematical
problems, “dressed up” word problems, modelling problems)?
Research question 2. What are the effects of classroom instruction using modelling
problems on students’ enjoyment, value, interest and self-efficacy
expectations related to these types of problems?
Research question 3. Are there any differences in the effects of different teaching
methods, including “directive”, teacher-centred instruction and
“operative-strategic”, student-centred instruction involving student
group work and strategic scaffolding by the teacher?