Though the purpose of such testing is typically formative, summative judgments are unavoidable. The analysis of these tests is used to evaluate the effectiveness of teachers and teaching and to make corrections in the teaching system so that it is more in line with the achievement of the stated objectives. The monitor of instruction role places the supervisor in a strong position with regard to hierarchy and authority over teachers. This strong hierarchical position is represented in Figure 1-1 by the two arrows between supervisor and teachers. Instead of being "caught in the middle” of the school’s bureaucratic and professional faces or of trying to integrate these two dimensions, the supervisor as monitor of instruction works to directly influence and indeed program the work of teachers and teaching according to an established system.