a b s t r a c t
In this work, the fractionation of fatty acids from palm oil deodorizer distillates, a by-product of the
physical refining process of palm oil, has been investigated in a laboratory scale countercurrent packed
column with supercritical CO2 as solvent. Experiments were carried out at 26 and 29 MPa and 373K.
Phase equilibria for the mixture palm fatty acids distillates + CO2 have been investigated experimentally
by the static method at 333, 353, and 373K and pressures between 20 and 29 MPa. The chemical identification
of free fatty acids has been performed by gas chromatography. Hydrodynamic experiments
were carried out for the systems palm fatty acids distillates + CO2 at 333, 353, and 373K and pressures
between 20 and 29 MPa in order to compute the column hydraulic capacity. A separation analysis based
on phase equilibrium data (gas loading and selectivity) as well as hydrodynamic experiments (density
of the coexisting liquid–gaseous phase and column hydraulic capacity) has been performed in order to
optimize the best operation conditions. Process data (solvent and feed flow rates, reflux ratio, and mass
fractions in feed and product streams) as well as phase equilibrium data of the multi-compound system
fatty acids/carbon dioxide were used to compute the number of stages by the McCabe-Thiele and Jänecke
methods. The mass transfer efficiency of the process was analyzed in terms of HETP as a function of liquid
load, solvent-to-feed ratio and reflux ratio. HETP values lies between 0.8 and 2.5 m. The results show that
palmitic acid was enriched from an initial content of 52.51 wt.% in the feed to 74.39 wt.% in the extract,
while the oleic + linoleic acids were enriched from 46.27 wt.% in the feed to 59.00 wt.% in the raffinate
showing that countercurrent gas extraction using carbon dioxide as solvent is suitable for fractionation
and enriching of fatty acids from palm fatty acids distillates.
a b s t r a c tIn this work, the fractionation of fatty acids from palm oil deodorizer distillates, a by-product of thephysical refining process of palm oil, has been investigated in a laboratory scale countercurrent packedcolumn with supercritical CO2 as solvent. Experiments were carried out at 26 and 29 MPa and 373K.Phase equilibria for the mixture palm fatty acids distillates + CO2 have been investigated experimentallyby the static method at 333, 353, and 373K and pressures between 20 and 29 MPa. The chemical identificationof free fatty acids has been performed by gas chromatography. Hydrodynamic experimentswere carried out for the systems palm fatty acids distillates + CO2 at 333, 353, and 373K and pressuresbetween 20 and 29 MPa in order to compute the column hydraulic capacity. A separation analysis basedon phase equilibrium data (gas loading and selectivity) as well as hydrodynamic experiments (densityof the coexisting liquid–gaseous phase and column hydraulic capacity) has been performed in order tooptimize the best operation conditions. Process data (solvent and feed flow rates, reflux ratio, and massfractions in feed and product streams) as well as phase equilibrium data of the multi-compound systemfatty acids/carbon dioxide were used to compute the number of stages by the McCabe-Thiele and Jäneckemethods. The mass transfer efficiency of the process was analyzed in terms of HETP as a function of liquidload, solvent-to-feed ratio and reflux ratio. HETP values lies between 0.8 and 2.5 m. The results show that
palmitic acid was enriched from an initial content of 52.51 wt.% in the feed to 74.39 wt.% in the extract,
while the oleic + linoleic acids were enriched from 46.27 wt.% in the feed to 59.00 wt.% in the raffinate
showing that countercurrent gas extraction using carbon dioxide as solvent is suitable for fractionation
and enriching of fatty acids from palm fatty acids distillates.
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