The defects that can occur during drawing are wrinkling, tearing, earring and scratching. Wrinkling can
occur in the flange or in the wall. Wrinkling in the flange occurs due to compressive buckling in the
circumferential direction, and can be prevented by a sufficiently high blank holding force . Wrinkling in the wall
occurs when a wrinkled flange is drawn into the cup. If the clearance is too large, it results in a largeunsupported region. Tearing occurs because of high tensile stresses that cause thinning and failure of the metal
in the cup wall. A sharp corner radius can also cause tearing during the drawing process. Earring occurs when
the material is anisotropic with properties in different directions. Scratches on the cup surface can be seen on the
drawn part if the punch and/or the die are not smooth or inadequately lubricated in the process. Experiments on
deep drawing by Yagami et al [11] for a Cu alloy showed that wrinkles could be successfully eliminated if the
initial wrinkle depth was limited to 200 m or less. Their FE simulations indicated that deep-drawability can be
improved by restricting ductile damage by blank holder control. The deep drawing of a square mild steel cup
was simulated using Abaqus-Vmat, using 3D brick elements by Fan et al [12]. Their results indicated that by
increasing blank holder force, the degree of wrinkling can be reduced, and wrinkles disappear completely when
the blank holder force is ~10 kN. Marumo et al. [13] found that the blank holder force required for the
elimination of wrinkling increased rapidly as the thickness decreased, and was strongly influenced by the
friction coefficient value.
In this paper, we used FEM