Consumer disaffection is challenging for carriers to address because upgrading the “hard product” — the aircraft — is an expensive way for airlines to differentiate themselves, and the payback could be long in coming. Enhancing the “soft product” — through a welcoming and seamless customer experience across all aspects of air travel, from reservation to touchdown — is cheaper, but often more difficult to implement. Typically, such enhancements entail a wholesale behavioral and cultural shift within the organization, particularly for front line, customer-facing employee.