and costly aggressive
encounters that, with resources limitless, have no
benefit. For males, the patterns are diametrically opposite.
Males are generally dominant in this species, and much of
their effort is directed to defending territories. In poor
years, males lower in boldness do well. This is because
with higher overall mortality, competition for territories is
relaxed, and thus aggressive interactions with other males
are less important. However, in good years, more fledglings
survive and compete for territories, and so there is increased
male–male aggression. In this situation, males with
a high exploration score fare better.