Lignosulfonic acid is used as template for the oxidative polymerisation
of aniline [23]. In order to explore the possibility of
grafted-LS in PANI–LS1 and PANI–LS2, the as-received powders were thoroughly washed by repeating seven times the following
sequence: 3% NaOH solution, water, 1.2 M HCl solution and 3%
NaOH solution.