MATERIALS AND METHODS
STUDY AREA
The Barnawa stream is located in the southern part of Kaduna Metropolis (Longitude 7050’E and Latitude 10050’N) about 645 meters above sea level. The stream takes its source within the Kalapanzy (Artillery) barracks in Kaduna south and joins other river-lets, which empty into River Kaduna (Mallo, 2001). It is a shallow, fast flowing stream. The area is characterized by flat land surface and easily worked sandy loam soil. The climate of Kaduna is tropical with a distinct rainy season (late April to October) and dry season (October to May) (Beecroft et. al., 1987). The vegetation is guinea savanna, which has been cleared but only relic shrubs of Isoherlinia doka and few grasses are still striving.