Control interventions
1. No treatment.
2. Other psychological interventions, e.g. Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) based on the principles of cognitive and social psychology: MET seeks to evoke the clients motivation for changing the harmful use of drugs. Each client is helped by a Counsellor to set their own goals and plan (Miller 1996); Cognitive-behavioural coping skills training (CBT): a treatment where the goal is abstinence from use of substances through identification of high risk situations for substance use and the implementation of effective coping strategies (Marlatt 1995); Relapse Prevention Therapy (RPT): a cognitive-behavioral approach to the treatment of addictive behaviours that specifically addresses the nature of the relapse process and suggests coping strategies useful in maintaining change (Marlatt 1995; Parks 2001).
3. Twelve-Step programme variants (e.g. spiritual, non-spiritual, professionally led, lay led).