When building visualizations, designers often employ multiple tools
simultaneously. This is particularly true on the web, where interactive
visualizations combine varied technologies: HTML for page content,
CSS for aesthetics, JavaScript for interaction, SVG for vector graphics,
and so on. One of the great successes of the web as a platform
is the (mostly) seamless cooperation of such technologies, enabled by
a shared representation of the page called the document object model
(DOM). The DOM exposes the hierarchical structure of page content,
such as paragraph and table elements, allowing reference and manipulation.
In addition to programming interfaces, modern browsers include
powerful graphical tools for developers that display the element
tree, reveal inherited style values, and debug interactive scripts.
Unfortunately, this blissful interoperability is typically lost with visualization
toolkits due to encapsulation of the DOM with more specialized
forms. Rather than empowering direct manipulation of the
existing model, such toolkits [2, 9, 18] supplant it with custom scenegraph
abstractions. This approach may provide substantial gains in efficiency—
reducing the effort required to specify a visualization—but it incurs a high opportunity cost: it ignores developers’ knowledge of
standards, and the tools and resources that augment these standards.
When building visualizations, designers often employ multiple tools
simultaneously. This is particularly true on the web, where interactive
visualizations combine varied technologies: HTML for page content,
CSS for aesthetics, JavaScript for interaction, SVG for vector graphics,
and so on. One of the great successes of the web as a platform
is the (mostly) seamless cooperation of such technologies, enabled by
a shared representation of the page called the document object model
(DOM). The DOM exposes the hierarchical structure of page content,
such as paragraph and table elements, allowing reference and manipulation.
In addition to programming interfaces, modern browsers include
powerful graphical tools for developers that display the element
tree, reveal inherited style values, and debug interactive scripts.
Unfortunately, this blissful interoperability is typically lost with visualization
toolkits due to encapsulation of the DOM with more specialized
forms. Rather than empowering direct manipulation of the
existing model, such toolkits [2, 9, 18] supplant it with custom scenegraph
abstractions. This approach may provide substantial gains in efficiency—
reducing the effort required to specify a visualization—but it incurs a high opportunity cost: it ignores developers’ knowledge of
standards, and the tools and resources that augment these standards.
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