In addition, German inpatients were examined after admission, while U.S. outpatients were
examined at intake. It is reasonable to expect a significant symptom relief between initial consultation
and start of treatment because of treatment expectations. In addition, both samples
differed on interpersonal dimensions, with U.S. outpatients describing significantly more selfcriticism
and German inpatients reporting more dependency. These differences might partially
be due to intercultural differences. As representative studies in nonclinical populations show
that Germans tend to report more interpersonal problems in the IIP compared to Americans
(Brahler et al., 1999; Horowitz, Alden, et al., 2000), intercultural differences might influence ¨
DEQ responses as well.