In this paper, we present an alternative means for solving the ODE (1) based on recent work in [18]. The general
solution we give appears in the standard form
y = yh + yp, (2)
where yh, commonly termed the complementary function, is the solution of
y
h + p(x)y
h + q(x)yh = 0 (3)
which is clearly of the form (1) with r(x) ≡ 0. It is well known that if y1 and y2 are two linearly independent solutions
of (3) we may write
yh = Ay1 + By2, (4)
where of course A and B are arbitrary constants. Finally, the function yp in (2), referred to often as the particular
integral, is a particular solution of (1) and, in our formulation, is expressible as a function of r(x) and either of y1
or y2 but never both.
It should be noted at this point that, though the solution we are to present herein does assume the same form as
taken by classical methods (i.e. variation of parameters etc.), there exist not uncommon instances where there is an
appreciable difference between our method and these classical ones in terms of ease of computation. This difference
results from the fact that yp, in the novel form that we give it, is computed from the knowledge of but one of the
linearly independent solutions of the equivalent homogeneous problem. This allows us to choose either y1 or y2 to
be used in the evaluation of yp and that choice can be made with the intention of simplifying the process of that
evaluation.
An outline of this paper is as follows: in Section 2 we will present and prove our main result pertaining to the
explicit solution of (1) which amounts to an alternative method for solving the general inhomogeneous linear ODE
of order two. In Section 3 we will apply our results by giving a general treatment of the inhomogeneous ODE of
order two with constant coefficients. Finally, in Section 4 we will explicitly demonstrate the utility of our work by
employing our method in the solution two example problems, the first of which being purely academic and the latter
being the inhomogeneous Klein–Gordon equation.
In this paper, we present an alternative means for solving the ODE (1) based on recent work in [18]. The generalsolution we give appears in the standard formy = yh + yp, (2)where yh, commonly termed the complementary function, is the solution ofyh + p(x)yh + q(x)yh = 0 (3)which is clearly of the form (1) with r(x) ≡ 0. It is well known that if y1 and y2 are two linearly independent solutionsof (3) we may writeyh = Ay1 + By2, (4)where of course A and B are arbitrary constants. Finally, the function yp in (2), referred to often as the particularintegral, is a particular solution of (1) and, in our formulation, is expressible as a function of r(x) and either of y1or y2 but never both.It should be noted at this point that, though the solution we are to present herein does assume the same form astaken by classical methods (i.e. variation of parameters etc.), there exist not uncommon instances where there is anappreciable difference between our method and these classical ones in terms of ease of computation. This differenceresults from the fact that yp, in the novel form that we give it, is computed from the knowledge of but one of thelinearly independent solutions of the equivalent homogeneous problem. This allows us to choose either y1 or y2 tobe used in the evaluation of yp and that choice can be made with the intention of simplifying the process of thatevaluation.An outline of this paper is as follows: in Section 2 we will present and prove our main result pertaining to theexplicit solution of (1) which amounts to an alternative method for solving the general inhomogeneous linear ODEof order two. In Section 3 we will apply our results by giving a general treatment of the inhomogeneous ODE oforder two with constant coefficients. Finally, in Section 4 we will explicitly demonstrate the utility of our work byemploying our method in the solution two example problems, the first of which being purely academic and the latterbeing the inhomogeneous Klein–Gordon equation.
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