For the fountain-pen based gold nanoink deposition, a single Kleindiek (MM3A-EM) manipulator was used (Fig. 2a).
For probing and manipulating graphene, two of the same manipulators were used (Fig. 2b). Each has 3 degrees of
freedom and respectively 5 nm, 3.5nm and 0.25 nm resolution at the tip in X, Y and Z axis of inertial frame. Each axis is
actuated with piezo stick-slip principle and is controlled via a piezo controller (Fig. 2c). The current between two probes of
manipulators could be measured with a low-current electrometer (Keithley 6517b) by the application of a voltage across them (Fig. 2d).