For symbolic, as well as practical, reasons, then, the original electrical system has been successively replaced by more modern generations of equipment, in 1916 (including the first reasonably effective floodlighting), and in 1931, and enhanced in 1945 and 1976. The 1916 changes were financed by a popular subscription conducted by Pulitzer's heirs at The World. The torch of the Statue was revamped in connection with the changes in 1916. Tinted cathedral glass was installed, by Gutzon Borglum, to provide more dramatic lighting effects.