A. The “Smart User Grid” Paradigm
Any EUA provided with micro-generation (and hence “active”)
can be viewed and represented as a general structure
made of several domains of major functionalities (generators,
flexible/non-flexible loads, EESs, transformers, etc.) having
different features, uses, behaviors and requirements. Each domain
is reserved for different tasks performed by individual
agents that can have interoperations with each other [3]. This
structure, given the clear connection with MG and SG concepts,
will be referred to as “smart user grid” (SUG).
From a market perspective, the SUG can be seen as an
EUA operator (e.g. a pool delegate energy manager) integrating
two main components