The third and last aspect of reliability is internal consistency (or homogeneity) internal consistency concerns the extent to which items on the test or instrument are measuring the same thing. lf, for example, you are developing a test to measure organizational commitment you should determine the reliability of each item. Lf the individual items are highly correlated with each other you can be highly confident in the reliability of the entire scale. The appeal of an internal consistency index of reliability is that it is estimated after only one test administration and therefore avoids the problems associated with testing over multiple time periods. Internal consistency is estimated via the split-half reliability index, coefficient alpha (Cronbach, 1951) index or the Kuder-Richardson formula 20 (KR-20) (Kuder& Richardson, 1937) index. The split-half estimate entails dividing up the test into two parts (e.g., odd/even items or first half of the items/second half of the items), administering the two forms to the same group of individuals and correlating the responses. Coefficient alpha and KR-20 both represent the average of all possible split-half estimates. The difference between the two is when they would be used to assess reliability. Specifically. Coefficient alpha is typically used during scale development with items that have several response options (i.e., 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) whereas KR-20 is used to estimate reliability for dichotomous (i.e., Yes/No; True/False) response scales. The formula to compute KR-20 is:
The third and last aspect of reliability is internal consistency (or homogeneity) internal consistency concerns the extent to which items on the test or instrument are measuring the same thing. lf, for example, you are developing a test to measure organizational commitment you should determine the reliability of each item. Lf the individual items are highly correlated with each other you can be highly confident in the reliability of the entire scale. The appeal of an internal consistency index of reliability is that it is estimated after only one test administration and therefore avoids the problems associated with testing over multiple time periods. Internal consistency is estimated via the split-half reliability index, coefficient alpha (Cronbach, 1951) index or the Kuder-Richardson formula 20 (KR-20) (Kuder& Richardson, 1937) index. The split-half estimate entails dividing up the test into two parts (e.g., odd/even items or first half of the items/second half of the items), administering the two forms to the same group of individuals and correlating the responses. Coefficient alpha and KR-20 both represent the average of all possible split-half estimates. The difference between the two is when they would be used to assess reliability. Specifically. Coefficient alpha is typically used during scale development with items that have several response options (i.e., 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) whereas KR-20 is used to estimate reliability for dichotomous (i.e., Yes/No; True/False) response scales. The formula to compute KR-20 is:
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