This outcome was consistent with the study by Chen Lian
et al., who showed that improving patients’ cognition of disease was beneficial for medication adherence and maintaining an exercise program over the long term. Our study also confirmed and extended the findings by Chavannes et al., who considered that self-management decisions education was made in advance, but it was still possible to bring forward deep cognitive feelings of patients through self-management education, providing strong confidence for patients to maintain health lifestyles. When compared with Chavannes et al., our study demonstrated that there are many pathways to achieve self-management education in variable structure and design. For example, our study focused on symptom management by having only one nurse in the study, not many disciplines, thus streamlining the process.