At the intersection of these three knowledge types is an intuitive understanding of teaching
content with appropriate pedagogical methods and technologies. Seven components (see Figure 1) are included in the TPACK framework. They are defined as:
1. Technology knowledge (TK): Technology knowledge refers to the knowledge about various technologies, ranging from low-tech technologies such
as pencil and paper to digital technologies such as the Internet, digital
video, interactive whiteboards, and software programs.
2. Content knowledge (CK): Content knowledge is the “knowledge about
actual subject matter that is to be learned or taught” (Mishra & Koehler,
2006, p. 1026). Teachers must know about the content they are going to
teach and how the nature of knowledge is different for various content
areas.
3. Pedagogical knowledge (PK): Pedagogical knowledge refers to the
methods and processes of teaching and includes knowledge in classroom
management, assessment, lesson plan development, and student learning.
4. Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK): Pedagogical content knowledge
refers to the content knowledge that deals with the teaching process
(Shulman, 1986). Pedagogical content knowledge is different for various
content areas, as it blends both content and pedagogy with the goal being
to develop better teaching practices in the content areas.
5. Technological content knowledge (TCK): Technological content knowledge refers to the knowledge of how technology can create new representations for specific content. It suggests that teachers understand that, by
using a specific technology, they can change the way learners practice and
understand concepts in a specific content area.
6. Technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK): Technological pedagogical knowledge refers to the knowledge of how various technologies can
be used in teaching, and to understanding that using technology may
change the way teachers teach.
7. Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK): Technological
pedagogical content knowledge refers to the knowledge required by teach-
ers for integrating technology into their teaching in any content area.
Teachers have an intuitive understanding of the complex interplay be-
tween the three basic components of knowledge (CK, PK, TK) by teach-
ing content using appropriate pedagogical methods and technologies.