promote a better hemicellulose solubilization and lignin fragmentation, indicating that reactions with residence timeare more profitable for second generation ethanol production. Thehydrothermal pretreatment performed at higher temperature andtime (190◦C, 10 min), leads to higher cellulose conversions. Insteadof expected, the alkaline delignification did not lead to improve-ments in the enzymatic cellulose conversion of sugarcane straw.So it is not economically viable to use another unit operation inthe process since the hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatichydrolysis had same overall cellulose yield as the CPS. Thereforefurther studies should be conducted using other types of pre-treatment reactors to improve the overall cellulose conversion ofsugarcane straw.