The results of this study are not directly comparable with others in literature. An intervention which shares some similarities is that of motivation interviewing (MI), which has been pursued for the prevention of ECC among the parents of young children at high risk of developing caries. Weinstein et al. (36, 37) have reported on the 1- and 2-year results of MI with telephone calls and reinforcement of behavioural change. Mothers were recruited when the children were 6–18
months old and followed for 2 years. At an average age of just over 3.5 years children were examined and the dfs was calculated. The MI approach was associated with significant less caries. However, some of that outcome may have been as a result of greater compliance with recommended fluoride varnish treatment.