Medicine
•help locate the risk genes for a host of genetic diseases
•develop strategies to avoid the environmental conditions such as drug, gene therapy Agricultural Applications
•increase nutritious and productive
•improve the resistance of diseases, insects and drought Energy and the Environment
•genetic maps of microbes for producing energy from bio-fuels,
•reducing toxic waste,
•developing environment-friendly products and industrial processes Forensics
•crime investigations, paternity tests, and identification
•authenticate the origins of consumer goods like caviar, fruits, and wine or the pedigree of livestock and animal breeds