The positive psychology movement offers a new paradigm for studying organizations. Seligman, founder of the positive psychology movement, developed a manual of character Strengths and Virtues specifically as a "positive" counterpart to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The positive psychology movement investigates the "conditions, and processes that contribute to the flourishing or optimal functioning of people, groups, and institutions". All positive psychology related organizational research shifts in perspective from a "disease" based problem solving model as the most suitable approach to improved organizational performance, to one in which positive resources are identified and investigated. The overarching philosophy of Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS) is a marriage of positive psychology and organizational studies. POS seeks to understand how to cultivate excellence in organizations by unlocking individuals' potential. Specifically, through an investigation of "positive deviance," POS explores the ways in which individuals use and develop strengths leading to exceptional performance at both the individual and organizational levels. In investigating extraordinary performance, POS often focuses on the macro or institutional levels of analysis rather than individual organizational actors.