In this evolution of planning paradigms, a shift in the roles of the state, the market and civil society is clearly visible. In the blueprint approach the state took a leading role, establishing what the future of urban areas and new towns was to be in physical terms. When planning shifted towards policy frameworks with public participation, the latter provide an and opportunity for interest groups to have a say. These, in theory, included all sectors of society, but it was powerful interest groups within the market that had the greatest lobbying power in policy making as well as greater resources in public inquiries. Thus,although provision was made on paper for the participation of civil society, the process was still led by the state and heavily influenced by the market. Market influence grew with the decline of planning in the UK in the 1980s. The third paradigm, however, proposes a new way of combining views from all sectors-state, market and civil society-in and ongoing consensus-seeking dialogue.