TiO2
nanoparticles are widely used for industrial and
medical applications. 38,39 Because nanoparticles can interact with cell membranes and intracellular organelles in a
manner not totally understood, there are increasing
concerns about the adverse health effects of TiO2 and
other nanoparticles. The first part of this study was to
analyze the cell toxicity effects of unmodified TiO2. Among
the five cell lines used in this investigation, we find that