These doctrines, following Hood and Jackson, have six recurring features: ()
They are ubiquitous, found wherever there are organizations; () they are based
on “soft data” and “soft logic,” often lacking key elements and assumptions; ()
they are a constantly shifting “received view” or “received wisdom,” having more
to do with metaphor, rhetoric, packaging, and presentation and less to do with
objectively or conclusively demonstrating the scientific superiority of one view
over another; () they are often contradictory; () they are unstable, the changing
fads and fashions of taste makers; and () they tend to rotate—old ideas dressed
in new clothes (, –)