A number of sociodemographic and clinic characteristics
were associated with PR in this study. Pharmacological
restraint is often used along with PR (Knutzen et al., 2012)
mainly. Mood stabilizers are often used to control aggression
and irritability and augment antipsychotic treatment
(Citrome, 1995). Patients receiving outpatient treatment in
this hospital were less likely to have PR. In China most psychiatrists
are responsible for both the outpatient and inpatient
treatment of the same cohort of patients. Such seamless
care helps establish good doctor–patient relationship, which
could greatly decrease the need for PR.