Notes
Note 1. The “guarantee of origin” is a certification provided by an official entity that certifies that the olives
come from a certain geographical area
Note 2. Throughout the article, the word “associates” is used to mean the farmers who join the cooperative.
Note 3. A second-degree cooperative is another cooperative whose associates are cooperatives. On the other
hand, a federation is not a cooperative, but an entity whose purposes are to protect the interests of the
cooperatives (subsidies, help for the bureaucracy the cooperatives have to manage…).
Note 4. Most of the Spanish agrarian cooperatives are multifunctional and commercialize several products,
(Hoogveld & Jurjus, 1990).
Note 5. The “Libro Blanco de la Economía Social en España” (Barea & Monzón, 1992) states that both the olive
oil cooperatives and all the agrarian cooperatives are of small size—not large enough to face the requirements of
the market.
Notes
Note 1. The “guarantee of origin” is a certification provided by an official entity that certifies that the olives
come from a certain geographical area
Note 2. Throughout the article, the word “associates” is used to mean the farmers who join the cooperative.
Note 3. A second-degree cooperative is another cooperative whose associates are cooperatives. On the other
hand, a federation is not a cooperative, but an entity whose purposes are to protect the interests of the
cooperatives (subsidies, help for the bureaucracy the cooperatives have to manage…).
Note 4. Most of the Spanish agrarian cooperatives are multifunctional and commercialize several products,
(Hoogveld & Jurjus, 1990).
Note 5. The “Libro Blanco de la Economía Social en España” (Barea & Monzón, 1992) states that both the olive
oil cooperatives and all the agrarian cooperatives are of small size—not large enough to face the requirements of
the market.
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