Eisenmenger Syndrome
About 10 percent of people with VSD develop Eisenmenger Syndrome, a complex array of problems caused by the difference in pressure between the left and right ventricles.
Early on, blood flows backwards through the large opening in the septum and into the right ventricle and floods the pulmonary arteries. Over time, changes occur in the thickness and elasticity of the pulmonary artery walls and high blood pressure (pulmonary hypertension) occurs in those vessels. As the blood vessels lose their elasticity, the heart pumps harder, causing it to weaken and results in right-sided heart failure. Flow then reverses across the VSD, resulting in low oxygen blood flowing into the systemic circulation. This can result in cyanosis (low blood oxygen, often seen as blue lips and extremities) and several other complications.
These individuals also may develop atrial fibrillation (a rhythm disturbance of the upper heart chambers), aneurysms in the pulmonary arteries and other complications. The average life expectancy of people with Eisenmenger Syndrome is less than 40 years. Newer medical therapies and close medical attention may significantly improve outcomes in these patients.
Eisenmenger SyndromeAbout 10 percent of people with VSD develop Eisenmenger Syndrome, a complex array of problems caused by the difference in pressure between the left and right ventricles.Early on, blood flows backwards through the large opening in the septum and into the right ventricle and floods the pulmonary arteries. Over time, changes occur in the thickness and elasticity of the pulmonary artery walls and high blood pressure (pulmonary hypertension) occurs in those vessels. As the blood vessels lose their elasticity, the heart pumps harder, causing it to weaken and results in right-sided heart failure. Flow then reverses across the VSD, resulting in low oxygen blood flowing into the systemic circulation. This can result in cyanosis (low blood oxygen, often seen as blue lips and extremities) and several other complications.These individuals also may develop atrial fibrillation (a rhythm disturbance of the upper heart chambers), aneurysms in the pulmonary arteries and other complications. The average life expectancy of people with Eisenmenger Syndrome is less than 40 years. Newer medical therapies and close medical attention may significantly improve outcomes in these patients.
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