medium supplemented with 2% (w/v) chitin colloidal
(MSMC) agar (Suryanto & Suwanto 2003). Fusarium
oxysporum was maintained in potato dextrose broth (PDB)
or agar (PDA). All cultures were incubated at 30 oC.
Red chili seeds (Capsicum annum) were from
commercial red chili seeds (PT. Tanindo Subur Prima,
Surabaya) sold in Medan. The viable seeds were selected
by putting the seeds in sterilize distillated water. Immersed
seeds were collected.