Since the adoption of this challenge model, inducing columnaris infections
has become reliable and reproducible at the USDA/ARS Harry K.
Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center (SNARC) in
Stuttgart, Arkansas Oddly, despite repeated efforts, researchers at the USDA/ARS
Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit (WARU) in Stoneville, Mississippi
have difficulty inducing columnaris disease in channel catfish despite
using similar procedures.