According to the obtained results,

According to the obtained results, balance increased significantly after conducting the hydrotherapy program, according to Sharpened Romberg test (static balance with eyes open and close) and the Timed Up & Go test. This was similar to the results obtained by many other authors (Booth2004;Simmons&Hansen1996; Lord et al 1993;Douris et al 2003;Devereux et al 2005;Resende et al 2008) in which the application of a hydrotherapy program increased balance among elderly people. However, the functional tests and treatment programs used in these studies were different, making it difficult to make quantitative comparisons.
Studies that have found increased balance after hydrotherapy programs have also suggested that there is a reduction in the risk of falls, since balance has a direct relation with these risks (Booth2004;Simmons&Hansen1996; Douris et al 2003). These authors did not use a model with scoring that predicted the risk of falls, but was evaluated indirectly. That is, they classified the elderly people as having a low, medium or high risk of falls according to the score obtained in the balance tests. Thus, it can be suggested that subsequent studies should use scales for scoring the risk of falls, in order to directly obtain results.
Other authors are unanimous regarding the indication of aquatic exercises for individuals with fear of falling who are at risk of falls (Booth2004;Simmons&Hansen1996;Douris et al 2003; Devereux et al 2005; Resende et al 2008).
Water is viscous: it decelerates movement and retards falls, which prolongs the time available for regaining posture when the body gets out of balance. Floating acts as a support, which
reduces the fear of falling. In this way, individuals can be challenged beyond their limits of stability without being afraid of the consequences of falls that would occur on the ground (Geigle et al 1997;Salzman1998).
This hydrotherapy program was effective in balance increased significantly among elderly men. These can vary from small injuries, mobility restrictions, limitations in ADLs and loss of functional independence, up to social isolation, can create a vicious circle of voluntary restriction of activities and, thus severely compromises the quality of life (Perracini& Ramos2002; Fabricio et al 2004).
When analyzing the time intervals between the evaluations according to the scales, it was observed that there was a greater gain in balance during the first stage of the program (up to the sixth week), as was seen by Simmons and Hansen (1996). These results possibly occurred because the responses to physical exercise are more evident during the first weeks of treatment. In the initial phase, neural changes predominate, and in the intermediate phase muscle adaptations predominate. In elderly people, the muscle strength increases are mainly due to neural adaptations, which occur with greater magnitude during the first six to eight weeks of training (Komi1986;Hakkinen1998).
In the present study, the same program was applied throughout the whole period. It is possible that modifying the program during the treatment, with progressive exercises (increasing intensity, frequency and duration) would allow results of greater magnitude.
Another possible hypothesis which may explain this result relates to the limitations of the scales that were used. This meant that there was no possibility of measuring new abilities in the next period. The Sharpened Romberg test (static balance with eyes open and close) has a increased times and many of the elderly men came very close to this value after the eight weeks; and the Timed Up & Go test cannot indefinitely show reducing times. As a reference, 10 s is the time considered normal for healthy and independent elderly people (Podsiadlo&Richardson1991). Furthermore, other functional tests that were used to evaluate balance, such as functional reach, Tinetti gait and balance scale and the dynamic gait index resulted in similar limitations.
The proposal of this hydrotherapy program consisted of stimulating balance reactions, in order to promote increased balance among elderly men. It also sought to create a program that would be easy to replicate, since each exercise and its frequency, intensity and duration were described, differently from most studies on this same theme, in which the descriptions of the programs are simple and general (Booth2004;Simmons&Hansen1996;Lord et al 1993,Douris et al 2003;Devereux et al 2005;Resende et al 2008). Well defined programs are fundamental for reproducing new research, and for confirmation of the results.
Although the sample size was small, and there was with control group, the results indicated that the hydrotherapy exercise program promoted increases in balance among elderly men.

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