(d) the contract has commercial substance (ie the risk, timing or
amount of the entity’s future cash flows is expected to change as a
result of the contract); and
(e) it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration to which
it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be
transferred to the customer. In evaluating whether collectability
of an amount of consideration is probable, an entity shall consider
only the customer’s ability and intention to pay that amount of
consideration when it is due. The amount of consideration to
which the entity will be entitled may be less than the price stated
in the contract if the consideration is variable because the entity
may offer the customer a price concession (see paragraph 52).
10 A contract is an agreement between two or more parties that creates enforceable
rights and obligations. Enforceability of the rights and obligations in a contract
is a matter of law. Contracts can be written, oral or implied by an entity’s
customary business practices. The practices and processes for establishing
contracts with customers vary across legal jurisdictions, industries and entities.
In addition, they may vary within an entity (for example, they may depend on
the class of customer or the nature of the promised goods or services). An entity
shall consider those practices and processes in determining whether and when
an agreement with a customer creates enforceable rights and obligations.
11 Some contracts with customers may have no fixed duration and can be
terminated or modified by either party at any time. Other contracts may
automatically renew on a periodic basis that is specified in the contract. An
entity shall apply this Standard to the duration of the contract (ie the
contractual period) in which the parties to the contract have present enforceable
rights and obligations.
12 For the purpose of applying this Standard, a contract does not exist if each party
to the contract has the unilateral enforceable right to terminate a wholly
unperformed contract without compensating the other party (or parties). A
contract is wholly unperformed if both of the following criteria are met:
(a) the entity has not yet transferred any promised goods or services to the
customer; and
(b) the entity has not yet received, and is not yet entitled to receive, any
consideration in exchange for promised goods or services.
13 If a contract with a customer meets the criteria in paragraph 9 at contract
inception, an entity shall not reassess those criteria unless there is an indication
of a significant change in facts and circumstances. For example, if a customer’s
ability to pay the consideration deteriorates significantly, an entity would
reassess whether it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration to
which the entity will be entitled in exchange for the remaining goods or services
that will be transferred to the customer.
14 If a contract with a customer does not meet the criteria in paragraph 9, an entity
shall continue to assess the contract to determine whether the criteria in
paragraph 9 are subsequently met.